Regions
Nine regional reference pages — production rank, exchanges, regulators, sanctions exposure and export controls — built from USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, official regulator and exchange websites, and the OFAC/EU/UK/UN sanctions feeds tracked daily by TSM.
Принцип OTSFA — One True Source for All. Каждая цифра ниже привязана к первичному источнику.
Region directory
China (Mainland)
World's largest single producer of 33 of 50 critical minerals tracked by USGS. Operates four metals futures venues (SHFE, INE, GFEX, DCE), state stockpiles (SRB), and the world's most aggressive export-control regime on …
Hong Kong
Global tokenization gateway between mainland China and Western markets. HKEX gold futures, Chinese Gold & Silver Exchange (CGSE) Loco HK spot, SFC VATP regime for virtual-asset trading (spot ETFs approved 2024). LME lice…
USA & Canada
North-American metals complex anchored by CME Group (COMEX/NYMEX) and Canadian mining majors (Barrick, Teck, Agnico Eagle, Newmont). Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminium, Inflation Reduction Act critical-mineral cr…
EU & United Kingdom
World's deepest LME price-discovery and LBMA gold/silver loco-London market. Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on steel/aluminium/cement imports, Critical Raw Materials Act benchmarks, MiCA framework for crypto-a…
Russia
World's #1 palladium producer (Norilsk Nickel), top-3 nickel/aluminium (Rusal), top-5 gold. Subject to OFAC, EU and UK sanctions on metals after 2022. LME banned new Russian metal 2024-04-13. LBMA suspended Good Delivery…
Central Asia & Caucasus
World's #1 uranium producer (Kazakhstan — Kazatomprom), major gold (Uzbekistan — Navoi Mining, Kazakhstan — Kazzinc), copper (Erdenet-KZ, Almalyk-UZ), zinc/lead. Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) provides Engl…
Japan & Korea
Two of the world's largest metals-refining hubs by capacity (POSCO steel, Sumitomo/Mitsubishi/JX copper and nickel). TOCOM (Tokyo Commodity Exchange) for precious and rubber, JOGMEC for state stockpiling. Tightening expo…
India
World's #2 gold consumer and #2 silver consumer, largest jewellery + bullion-bar refining sector. MCX + NSE-IN precious-metals futures, BSE gold ETFs, BIS hallmarking mandatory. GIFT City IFSCA offers offshore tokenizati…
Southeast Asia
World's #1 nickel producer (Indonesia) and #2 (Philippines) — dominates EV-battery supply chain. Indonesia raw-nickel export ban since 2020 forced onshore HPAL processing. Singapore = tokenization hub (MAS Project Guardi…
Latin America
World's #1 copper (Chile, Peru), #1 silver (Mexico, Peru), top-5 iron ore (Brazil), the 'Lithium Triangle' (Chile-Argentina-Bolivia). Codelco, BHP-Escondida, Antofagasta, Vale, SQM, Albemarle Atacama operations.…
Africa
World's #1 platinum-group metals (South Africa), #1 cobalt (DR Congo), top-3 gold (Ghana, Mali, South Africa), top-5 bauxite (Guinea), top-5 copper (Zambia, DRC). Critical for EV battery and catalytic-converter supply ch…
Australia & New Zealand
World's #1 iron ore (Rio Tinto, BHP, FMG Pilbara), #1 lithium spodumene (Greenbushes, Pilbara Minerals, Mineral Resources), #2 gold (Newmont, Northern Star, Evolution). FY-June reporting calendar. Critical Minerals Strat…
Cross-regional view: Export Controls Matrix · Visual map: TSM Atlas · Producer directory: Groups