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TSMHub
Official data only. No estimates. No interpretation. No editorial bias. All data sourced from official exchanges and public filings.

Market Digest
June 9, 2026

Last updated: 2026-06-09 18:13:04 UTC

72
Prices
780
Producers
59
Metals Covered
351
Glossary Terms

Prices

Price sources. LBMA Fix (precious metals) and SHFE Settlement (Chinese base metals) are official daily benchmark values. LME prices shown are 3-month rolling forward (LME 3M) updated intraday during exchange hours — for the LME Official Cash Settlement, see lme.com directly. OTC and benchmark series may use different units. Last update: 2026-06-09 18:13:04 UTC. Full data sources →

SHFE Nickel Futures

Front Month (ni2606)
¥136,860
Settlement · RMB/t
Day Range
¥135,700 — ¥142,800
RMB/t · All contracts
Volume
371,950
lots (1 lot = 1 t)
Avg Price
¥137,694
RMB/t
All SHFE Nickel contracts — settlement prices
ContractSettlement (RMB/t)
See SHFE settlement prices above

SHFE Daily Data (public release, end-of-day, not real-time). Source: Shanghai Futures Exchange · June 9, 2026

LME Warehouse Stocks

Official LME daily on-warrant stock totals across all six base metals. Report date: 2026-06-08. End-of-day, not real-time.

Metal LME Stocks Daily Change
Copper 376,775 t -2,450 t
Aluminium 330,950 t -2,250 t
Zinc 110,650 t -300 t
Lead 309,250 t -1,100 t
Nickel 274,218 t -18 t
Tin 9,020 t 0 t
Combined (6 base metals) 1,410,863 t -6,118 t
Why warehouse stocks matter

LME on-warrant stocks measure the physical metal stored in LME-approved warehouses worldwide (Rotterdam, Singapore, Busan, Port Klang, Antwerp, New Orleans and others) that is available for delivery against LME futures contracts.

Rising stocks typically signal market surplus or weakening demand. Falling stocks typically signal tightening physical supply or strong end-use demand. Cancelled warrants (metal earmarked for withdrawal) are a leading indicator of future stock draws.

For deeper analysis: location breakdown, cancelled warrants, and historical series are published daily by the LME Stock Reports page.

Other exchanges (SHFE, COMEX) — official sources
  • Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) publishes weekly on-warrant stocks for copper, aluminium, zinc, lead, nickel, tin and steel each Friday in Chinese local time. Official page: SHFE Weekly Stock Report.
  • CME Group (COMEX & NYMEX) publishes daily warehouse stocks for gold, silver and copper. Official page: CME Gold Stocks, Silver Stocks, Copper Stocks.
  • Shanghai Bonded Warehouse copper stocks (separate series, not part of SHFE on-warrant) are published weekly by Chinese physical-market PRAs.

TSM Hub does not auto-fetch SHFE or COMEX stocks (SHFE web pages use anti-bot challenges; CME Group Terms of Use explicitly prohibit automated access). The links above point to the originating exchanges where you can consult their official daily/weekly reports directly.

Sources: London Metal Exchange (originating) via Westmetall (public LME mirror) · Last updated: 2026-06-09 18:13:45 UTC · Full warehouses page & history →

Latest Market News

Filter by metal or topic. Updated with each Hub refresh.

Investing News Network · yesterday

Last refreshed: 2026-06-09 18:13:55 UTC

Reserves & Production by Country

Global reserves and mine production by country — primary data from USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. 25 metals, 574 country entries. All figures reported as published by original source — TrueSource does not modify, estimate, or interpret primary data. e = Estimated. W = Withheld. NA = Not available. — = Zero.

Production: thousand metric tons · Reserves: thousand metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States1,050e1,00047,000
Australia765e730100,000
Canada515e5007,000
Chile5,510e5,300180,000
China1,840e1,80041,000
Congo (Kinshasa)2,990e3,20080,000
Germany———
India27e232,200
Indonesia1,010e71021,000
Japan———
Kazakhstan724e71020,000
Korea, Republic of———
Mexico717e69053,000
Peru2,740e2,70085,000
Poland400e41033,000
Russia1,020e1,30080,000
Zambia823e94021,000
Other countries2,850e3,000210,000
World total (rounded)23,00023,000980,000
Production: thousand metric tons, dry weight · Reserves: thousand metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United StatesWW20,000
Australia100,000e97,0003,700,000
Brazile33,000e33,0001,700,000
Canada———
Chinae80,500e87,000710,000
Germany———
Greecee970e960—
Guinea142,000e150,0007,400,000
India25,000e25,000650,000
Indonesiae9,900e10,0002,900,000
Ireland———
Jamaica5,890e6,2002,000,000
Kazakhstan4,780e4,800160,000
Russia5,470e5,700650,000
Saudi Arabiae5,500e5,700180,000
Spain———
Turkey3,660e3,80069,000
United Arab Emirates———
Vietname3,710e3,8003,100,000
Other countries7,780e8,0005,300,000
World total (rounded)428,000440,00029,000,000
Production: thousand metric tons, calcined equivalent weight
Country20242025e
United Statese700e710
Australia17,100e17,000
Brazile10,600e11,000
Canada1,460e1,500
China85,500e93,000
Germanye450e460
Greece865e850
Guinea351e360
Indiae8,000e8,200
Indonesiae1,200e1,500
Ireland1,720e1,700
Jamaica1,480e1,500
Kazakhstane1,400e1,500
Russia2,840e2,900
Saudi Arabia1,870e1,900
Spaine800e810
Turkeye300e310
United Arab Emirates2,540e2,300
Vietnam1,410e1,500
Other countries1,260e1,300
World total (rounded)142,000150,000
Production: thousand metric tons
Country20242025e
United States676e660
Australia1,570e1,500
Bahrain1,620e1,600
Brazile1,100e1,200
Canada3,320e3,300
China44,000e45,000
Iceland742e750
Indiae4,200e4,200
Malaysiae1,050e1,100
Norwaye1,300e1,300
Russia3,880e3,900
United Arab Emirates2,690e2,700
Other countries6,680e7,000
World total (rounded)72,80074,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States7,490e10,000340,000
Australia98,000e45,00025,000,000
Brazil67,500e70,00016,000,000
Canada125,000e140,0002,200,000
Chinae115,000e120,0004,400,000
Indonesia2,310,000e2,600,00062,000,000
New Caledonia116,000e140,0007,100,000
Philippines354,000e270,0004,800,000
Russia205,000e200,0008,300,000
Other countries308,000e290,000>9,100,000
World total (rounded)3,710,0003,900,000>140,000,000
Production: thousand metric tons · Reserves: thousand metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States759e6709,300
Australia1,100e1,10064,000
Bolivia512e500NA
China4,000e4,10060,000
Indiae866e87010,000
Kazakhstane375e3607,400
Mexico773e78014,000
Peru1,270e1,50018,000
Russiae310e43029,000
Sweden239e2304,100
Other countries1,730e2,00025,000
World total (rounded)11,90013,000240,000
Production: thousand metric tons · Reserves: thousand metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States304e2804,600
Australiae481e48034,000
Bolivia110e1001,600
China1,940e1,90022,000
Indiae226e2201,900
Irane70e702,000
Mexico240e2005,600
Peru291e2905,000
Russia260e2608,900
Sweden75e701,700
Tajikistane39e40NA
Turkeye66e701,600
Other countries498e5005,900
World total (rounded)4,6004,50095,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States———
Australia11,300e12,000570,000
Bolivia21,200e15,000400,000
Brazil27,600e28,000700,000
Burmae20,000e12,000700,000
Chinae71,000e71,0001,200,000
Congo (Kinshasa)e26,000e27,00091,000
Indonesiae55,000e61,0001,400,000
Laos1,860e1,800NA
Malaysia5,460e5,000NA
Nigeriae3,100e3,500NA
Peru32,300e33,000150,000
Russia3,260e4,500460,000
Rwandae4,100e4,600NA
Vietname11,000e11,00023,000
Other countries1,570e1,700310,000
World total (rounded)294,000290,000>6,000,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States163e1603,000
Australia284e28013,000
Brazile82e802,500
Canadae200e2003,200
China377e3803,200
Ghana149e1501,000
Indonesiae94e903,600
Kazakhstane130e1302,300
Mexico140e1401,400
Peru108e1102,200
Russiae310e31012,000
South Africa90e905,000
Uzbekistan129e1302,200
Other countries1,020e1,00011,000
World total (rounded)3,2803,30066,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States1,050e1,10023,000
Argentina774e8006,500
Australia1,050e1,00091,000
Bolivia1,490e1,50022,000
Canadae366e4004,900
Chilee1,200e1,40033,000
China3,430e3,40067,000
India700e8008,000
Kazakhstane850e630NA
Mexico5,780e6,30037,000
Peru3,510e3,600110,000
Poland1,320e1,30059,000
Russia1,280e1,20092,000
Sweden432e400NA
Other countries2,110e2,10057,000
World total (rounded)25,30026,000610,000
Production: kilograms
Country20242025e
United States3,010e1,800
Canada5,700e5,000
Russiae22,000e20,000
South Africa126,000e120,000
Zimbabwe18,400e18,000
Other countries3,860e3,900
World total (rounded)179,000170,000
Production: kilograms
Country20242025e
United States10,200e6,200
Canada17,000e16,000
Russiae89,000e84,000
South Africa82,600e70,000
Zimbabwe15,200e15,000
Other countries2,870e2,900
World total (rounded)217,000190,000
Reserves: kilograms, PGM content
CountryReserves
United States590,000
Canada310,000
Russiae11,000,000
South Africa63,000,000
Zimbabwe1,300,000
Other countriesNA
World total (rounded)>76,000,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United StatesWW4,400,000
Argentina13,800e23,0004,400,000
Australiae82,700e92,0008,400,000
Brazile10,200e12,000540,000
Canadae4,820e5,6001,600,000
Chile48,900e56,0009,200,000
Chinae41,400e62,0004,600,000
Malie770e9,400370,000
Portugale380e38060,000
Zimbabwee20,000e28,000500,000
Other countries——2,400,000
World total (rounded)222,000290,00037,000,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United Statese200e30070,000
Australiae4,780e3,7001,700,000
Canadae3,350e3,500220,000
Chinae2,000e2,000160,000
Congo (Kinshasa)e226,000e230,0006,000,000
Cubae3,450e2,000500,000
Indonesiae35,000e44,000760,000
Madagascare3,100e3,900100,000
Papua New Guineae2,630e2,80084,000
Philippinese3,100e3,700260,000
Russiae8,000e7,700800,000
Turkeye2,200e1,90091,000
Other countriese7,780e9,100780,000
World total (rounded)302,000310,00012,000,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States45,500e51,0001,900,000
Australiae29,000e29,0006,300,000
Brazile560e2,00021,000,000
Burmae27,000e22,000NA
Canada——830,000
Chinae270,000e270,00044,000,000
Greenland——1,500,000
Indiae2,900e2,900NA
Madagascare1,400e2,700NA
Malaysiae140e110710,000
Nigeriae1,500e1,500NA
Russiae2,600e2,6003,800,000
South Africa——860,000
Tanzania——890,000
Thailande2,100e4,800NA
Vietname300e1503,500,000
Other countriese1,000e550NA
World total (rounded)380,000390,000>85,000,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States——NA
Australiae920e1,000570,000
Austriae840e84010,000
Boliviae1,700e1,700NA
Chinae67,000e67,0002,500,000
Kazakhstan—e2,400NA
Korea, Northe1,900e2,00029,000
Portugale650e7003,400
Russiae1,500e2,000400,000
Rwandae1,300e1,300NA
Spaine700e80066,000
Vietname3,400e3,000170,000
Other countriese1,700e2,400950,000
World total (rounded)82,00085,000>4,700,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States——50
Australia——10,000
Brazil5,190e5,30094
Chinae84,000e82,0005,800
Russiae21,000e21,0005,000
South Africa8,050e5,000520
World total (rounded)118,000110,00021,000
Production: thousand metric tons · Reserves: thousand metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States———
Australiae1,600e1,600580,000
Brazil705e800300,000
China690e700260,000
Côte d'Ivoire340e350NA
Gabon4,640e5,00061,000
Ghana1,280e2,00013,000
India731e79034,000
South Africa7,490e7,600550,000
Other countries1,240e1,300Small
World total (rounded)18,70020,0001,700,000
Production: thousand metric tons · Reserves: thousand metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States——8,500
Brazile1,400e2,0003,900
Finland1,940e1,90063,000
India3,370e3,00079,000
Kazakhstane6,100e7,000230,000
South Africa22,900e23,000350,000
Turkey9,300e9,00027,000
Zimbabwe1,600e2,000140,000
Other countries3,000e3,000NA
World total (rounded)49,60051,000>1,200,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: thousand metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States34,000e40,0003,500
Armeniae8,200e5,300150
Australia600e1,000760
Canada1,540e2,20064
Chile38,500e42,0002,600
Chinae100,000e97,0007,800
Irane2,900e3,30043
Kazakhstan4,080e4,3007
Korea, Northe800e80078
Korea, Republic of340e5008
Mexico16,200e17,000130
Mongolia3,110e4,20010
Peru41,900e39,0001,000
Russiae1,500e1,3001,100
Uzbekistane2,100e2,00021
Other countries——150
World total (rounded)256,000260,00017,000
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States—W60,000
Australia1,270e1,300110,000
Bolivia5,300e5,000310,000
Burmae4,500e4,500140,000
Canada——78,000
Chinae40,000e40,000830,000
Guatemalae50e50NA
Irane90e90NA
Kazakhstane800e800NA
Kyrgyzstane700e700260,000
Laose200e200NA
Mexico600e60018,000
Pakistan260e26026,000
Russiae40,000e32,000350,000
Tajikistane22,000e22,00060,000
Turkeye3,000e3,00099,000
Vietname220e22054,000
World total (rounded)119,000110,000>2,000,000
Production: kilograms
Country20242025e
United States——
China839,000e900,000
Japane3,000e3,000
Russiae6,000e6,000
Other countries
World total (rounded)848,000900,000
Production: kilograms of germanium content · Reserves: No country-level reserves reported by USGS (data not widely reported at mine/country level)
Country2024Reserves
Chinaleading global producer; specific figure not published by USGSNA
United Statessecondary production; specific figure not publishedNA
Belgiumknown producer/recycler; specific figure not publishedNA
Canadaknown producer/recycler; specific figure not publishedNA
Germanyknown producer/recycler; specific figure not publishedNA
Russiaknown producer/recycler; specific figure not publishedNA
World totalnot published in tabular form by USGSNA
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 (ver. 1.2, March 2025), https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2025
Production: metric tons · Reserves: metric tons
Country20242025eReserves
United States——s
Austria100e200s
Brazil58,000e65,00074,000,000
Canada11,700e8,0005900000
China1,270,000e1,400,000100,000,000
Germany140e140s
India17,600e17,0008,600,000
Korea, Northe8,100e8,0002,000,000
Korea, Republic of1,000e5001,800,000
Madagascar85,000e80,00027,000,000
Mexico706e7403,100,000
Mozambique39,000e60,00025,000,000
Norway5,340e6,600600,000
Russiae20,000e25,00014000000
Sri Lanka3,000e3,2001,500,000
Tanzaniae27,000e75,00018,000,000
Turkey2,600e2,2006,900,000
Ukraine900e800s
Vietnam500e5009700000
World total (rounded)1,550,0001,800,000310,000,000
Production: thousand metric tons, usable ore · Reserves: million metric tons, crude ore
Country20242025eReserves
United States45,100e38,0003,600
Australia982,000e980,00059,000
Brazil428,000e420,00034,000
Canada70,000e69,0006,000
Chilee18,000e19,0003,000
China293,000e290,00017,000
India282,000e310,0005,500
Irane90,000e93,0004,200
Kazakhstan37,000e35,0003,800
Mauritania14,300e15,00010,000
Mexico7,800e7,700940
Peru19,800e21,0001,800
Russiae91,000e86,00035,000
South Africae64,000e66,0001,200
Swedene25,000e26,0001,300
Turkeye17,000e18,000150
Ukraine54,700e52,0006,500
Other countries60,700e64,00011,000
World total (rounded)2,600,0002,600,000200,000
Production: thousand metric tons, iron content · Reserves: million metric tons, iron content
Country20242025eReserves
United States28,600e24,0002700
Australia607,000e600,00027000
Brazil268,000e260,00015000
Canada42,000e41,0002300
Chilee11,000e12,000740
China183,000e180,0003000
India175,000e190,0003400
Irane59,000e61,0001500
Kazakhstan11,100e11,0001500
Mauritania8,940e9,3004400
Mexico4,900e4,800520
Peru13,300e14,0001000
Russiae53,000e50,00014000
South Africae41,000e42,000680
Swedene18,000e18,000600
Turkeye11,000e11,00099
Ukraine34,000e32,0002300
Other countries34,700e36,0006000
World total (rounded)1,600,0001,600,00087000
Production: thousand metric tons, titanium dioxide (TiO2) content · Reserves: thousand metric tons, titanium dioxide (TiO2) content
Country20242025eReserves
United Statese100e1002,000
Australiae600e780e170,000
Canadae360e36050,000
Chinae3,040e3,200110,000
Indiae230e24015,000
Madagascare300e30030,000
Mozambiquee1,930e1,900NA
Norwaye432e39037,000
Senegale345e370NA
South Africae1,260e1,30028,000
Ukrainee286e2005,900
Other countriese332e23046,000
World total (rounded)9,2109,4009,210
Production: thousand metric tons, titanium dioxide (TiO2) content · Reserves: thousand metric tons, titanium dioxide (TiO2) content
Country20242025eReserves
United Statesesess
Australiae200e200e35,000
Indiae12e13670
Kenyae41——
Mozambiquee9e10720
Sierra Leonee80e1102,900
South Africae102e1006,200
Ukrainee9e102,500
Other countriese10e9>540
World total (rounded)460450460
Production: thousand metric tons, gross weight of magnesite (magnesium carbonate) · Reserves: thousand metric tons, gross weight of magnesite
Country20242025eReserves
United StatesWW35,000
Australiae410e400280,000
Austriae664e65049,000
Brazile1,850e1,800200,000
Canadae230e230NA
Chinae12,900e12,700700,000
Greecee134e130280,000
India117e8566,000
Irane200e20010,000
Russiae1,690e1,7002,300,000
Slovakia334e3301,200,000
Spaine655e64035,000
Turkey1,600e1,600110,000
Other countriese341e3402,500,000
World total (rounded)21,10021,0007,800,000
Production: thousand metric tons of magnesium metal · Reserves: No separate reserves table; resources large to virtually unlimited
Country20242025e
United States——
Brazile20e20
China953e950
Irane5e5
Israel17e20
Kazakhstane15e13
Russiae59e60
Turkeye15e15
Other countries——
World total (rounded)1,0801,100
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
Production: tonnes U (uranium metal) · Reserves: tonnes U (Reasonably Assured Resources + Inferred Resources to $130/kg U, 2023 data from OECD NEA/IAEA Red Book as cited by WNA)
Country2024Reserves
Kazakhstan23,270813,900
Canada14,309582,000
Namibia7,333497,900
Australia4,5981,671,200
Uzbekistan4,000NA
Russia2,738476,600
China1,600270,500
Niger962336,000
India500NA
Ukraine288106,700
USA26067,800
South Africa200320,900
Others155324,900
World total60,2135,925,700
Source: World Nuclear Association, 'World Uranium Mining Production', https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/world-uranium-mining-production (accessed 2025). NOTE: Uranium is not covered in USGS MCS 2025; WNA used per task instructions.

Data: U.S. Geological Survey, 2026, Mineral commodity summaries 2026. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1WKQ63T. Uranium data from World Nuclear Association. Production years 2024 (actual/estimated) and 2025e (estimated). Reserves as of publication date.

Glossary

351 terms across 24 categories — metals markets, exchanges, Incoterms, tokenization, regulation, mining, processing, logistics, and pricing.
97 with primary source 3 in progress

Backed by official documentation: ICC, LME, LBMA, USGS, ISO, IFRS, BIPM, EU TAXUD, US CBP, OECD, IMO, IGF, Fastmarkets, CFA Institute. One True Source for All — every definition links to its authoritative reference where available.

Open Glossary

Producers Directory

Global metals producers — verified data from official sources. 780 entries across 41 metals. Company websites link to official domains only. Production figures are published as reported by original sources (company annual reports, regulatory filings, industry publications) — formats vary by source. TrueSource does not modify, estimate, or interpret primary data.

Producer data compiled from public sources including USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries, World Steel Association, and company annual reports. Links verified as of April 2026. Some regional websites may have restricted access depending on your location. For corrections or updates, contact info@truesourcemetals.com

Our Data Sources

Our Sourcing Rule

Every figure on TSM Hub links to its primary document.

  1. One source per figure. Each production, reserve, recycling, or price figure links directly to its primary document — an exchange or benchmark publisher (LME, LBMA, SHFE), a government statistical agency (USGS, IEA), an industry factbook (ICSG, WGC, IAI), or a company's annual report.
  2. No modification. We report figures exactly as published by the original source. We do not adjust, estimate, or interpret.
  3. No source, no figure. If a figure cannot be linked to a primary document, it does not appear on TSM Hub.

Production & Reserves

USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
U.S. Geological Survey — the global standard for mineral production and reserves data. Covers 25 metals with country-level detail. Published annually.

World Nuclear Association
Uranium production and reserves data (OECD NEA/IAEA source). Complementary to USGS, which does not cover uranium.

US DOI Critical Minerals List 2025
Official US Department of the Interior list of 50 critical minerals. Source of the ★ critical-mineral badges on metal pages.

Exchange & Benchmark Prices

London Metal Exchange (LME)
3-month rolling forward prices (LME 3M) for base metals (copper, aluminium, zinc, nickel, tin, lead), updated intraday during exchange hours. The daily LME Official Cash Settlement is published at lme.com. Reported in USD/t.

London Bullion Market Association (LBMA)
Official fix prices for precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, palladium). Reported in USD/oz.

Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE)
Official settlement prices for Chinese futures contracts. Reported in RMB/t.

HKEX (Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing)
Parent company of LME since 2012. Regulatory context for Hong Kong metal trading.

Market News

Curated headlines from leading metals and commodities publications. Every article links directly to its original publisher — Reuters, Bloomberg, Mining.com, S&P Global, Fastmarkets and others. No summaries, no rewrites, no editorial commentary.

HK & Asia Regulators

HKMA — Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Stablecoins Ordinance (Cap. 656, in force 1 Aug 2025). Project Ensemble (wholesale CBDC). Regulatory framework for tokenized assets in HK.

SFC — Securities and Futures Commission HK
Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) regime. Tokenized securities framework. Primary HK regulator for digital assets.

MAS — Monetary Authority of Singapore
Payment Services Act 2019. Project Guardian (tokenization pilots). Complementary APAC regulatory framework.

Global Regulators & Standards

EUR-Lex — MiCA Regulation (EU 2023/1114)
EU Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation. Global benchmark for crypto-asset rules. In force since 30 Dec 2024 (ART/EMT) and 30 Jun 2024 (CASPs).

SEC — U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Howey test framework. Key enforcement decisions defining token classification. Primary US regulator for securities tokenization.

FATF — Financial Action Task Force
Recommendation 15 (VASPs) and Travel Rule. Global AML/CFT standards adopted by 200+ jurisdictions.

FSB — Financial Stability Board
Global Regulatory Framework for Crypto-Asset Activities (July 2023). G20-endorsed high-level recommendations.

BIS / BCBS — Bank for International Settlements
Basel Committee SCO60 standard on cryptoasset exposures. Working papers on tokenization (WP 1066). Central-bank standards body.

IOSCO — International Organization of Securities Commissions
Policy Recommendations for Crypto and Digital Asset Markets (PD734, Nov 2023). Global coordinator for securities regulators.

Technical Standards

Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs)
Official repository for Ethereum token standards: ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155, ERC-3643 (permissioned), ERC-4626 (tokenized vaults).

NIST — National Institute of Standards and Technology
FIPS 180-4 (SHA-256) and NIST IR 8202 (Blockchain Technology Overview). Foundational cryptographic standards.

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Metal Groups

7 educational overview pages — taxonomy, history, applications
Base Metals 6 metals · LME-listed industrial metals Overview → Precious Metals 8 metals · Au, Ag and the six PGMs Overview → Battery Metals 5 metals · Li-ion battery inputs Overview → Critical Minerals 27 metals · USGS 2025 + EU CRM 2023 Overview → Light Metals 4 metals · Density < 5 g/cm³ Overview → Refractory Metals 7 metals · Melting point > 2,000 °C Overview → Minor Metals 9 metals · MMTA scope, by-product supply Overview →

Individual Metal Pages

59 metals with detailed production, reserves & producer data — source: USGS MCS 2026
Copper Cu · Base Aluminium Al · Base Nickel Ni · Base Zinc Zn · Base Lead Pb · Base Tin Sn · Base Gold Au · Precious Silver Ag · Precious PGM Pt/Pd · Precious Lithium Li · Battery Cobalt Co · Battery Rare Earths REE · Strategic Tungsten W · Strategic Vanadium V · Strategic Manganese Mn · Strategic Molybdenum Mo · Strategic Chromium Cr · Strategic Antimony Sb · Strategic Gallium Ga · Technology Germanium Ge · Technology Graphite C · Industrial Iron Ore Fe · Bulk Titanium Ti · Strategic Magnesium Mg · Light Uranium U · Energy Neodymium Nd · REE Praseodymium Pr · REE Dysprosium Dy · REE Terbium Tb · REE Lanthanum La · REE Cerium Ce · REE Samarium Sm · REE Europium Eu · REE Gadolinium Gd · REE Holmium Ho · REE Erbium Er · REE Thulium Tm · REE Ytterbium Yb · REE Lutetium Lu · REE Yttrium Y · REE Scandium Sc · REE Platinum Pt · Precious Palladium Pd · Precious Rhodium Rh · Precious Ruthenium Ru · Precious Iridium Ir · Precious Osmium Os · Precious Bismuth Bi · Minor Cadmium Cd · Minor Indium In · Minor Tellurium Te · Minor Selenium Se · Minor Rhenium Re · Refractory Hafnium Hf · Refractory Niobium Nb · Refractory Tantalum Ta · Refractory Zirconium Zr · Refractory Beryllium Be · Light Mercury Hg · Minor

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