Prices
No single exchange-settled price exists for terbium. Trade settles over-the-counter against benchmarks published by independent price-reporting agencies. We do not republish those numbers — consult the publishers directly:
Shanghai Metals Market ↗
Daily Chinese rare-earth oxide and metal benchmark quotations.
Fastmarkets — Rare Earths ↗
MB FOB China benchmark prices and market intelligence.
Asian Metal ↗
Daily REE oxide quotations from Chinese suppliers (subscription).
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 ↗
Annual U.S. Geological Survey reference — production, reserves, prices, and trade statistics for terbium.
About Terbium
Editorial overviewWhat is terbium?
Terbium is a heavy rare-earth element used mainly in high-performance magnet materials and some specialty phosphors and alloys. In mineral statistics, it is reported within the broader rare-earths basket rather than as a standalone mined metal in USGS MCS 2026. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
How terbium is priced
There are no listed futures for terbium oxide or metal on any regulated exchange. Prices for individual rare earth oxides are published as benchmark assessments by Fastmarkets, Argus and S&P Global Platts, plus Chinese domestic spot via Shanghai Metals Market and Asian Metal. China’s rare-earth export quotas and producer pricing dominate the world reference.
Where terbium comes from
USGS MCS 2026 reports terbium within the rare-earths basket, with the top mine-production countries for rare earths being China, the United States, Australia, Burma, and Madagascar; China remained the dominant producer at 270,000 t in 2025, followed by the United States at 51,000 t and Australia at 29,000 t. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 Full breakdown in the production and reserves sections.
Who produces terbium
Leading rare-earth producers relevant to terbium supply include China Northern Rare Earth Group and state-backed Chinese REE producers in China, MP Materials in the United States, Lynas in Australia/Malaysia, and Iluka in Australia. Iluka’s 2026 presentation explicitly shows Dy/Tb oxide output planned at its Eneabba refinery, and MP Materials said it is beginning heavy rare earth separation commissioning at Mountain Pass. Iluka Resources, MP Materials Full list of producers below.
What terbium is used for
USGS says the leading global use of rare earths is magnets, while other uses include batteries, ceramics and glass, metallurgical applications and alloys, and polishing. For terbium specifically, that points to heavy-REE use in high-temperature permanent magnets, with smaller amounts going into phosphors and specialty alloys. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
Key facts about terbium supply
- USGS MCS 2026: world rare-earths mine production was 390,000 t in 2025 and reserves were >75,000,000 t, implying roughly 190 years of reserve cover at that production rate. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS MCS 2026: China produced 270,000 t of rare earths in 2025 and held 44,000,000 t of reserves, the largest country totals in the basket. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS MCS 2026: Australia produced 29,000 t in 2025 and had 136,300,000 t of reserves, while the United States produced 51,000 t and had 1,900,000 t of reserves. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS MCS 2026: China’s April 2025 export controls explicitly added terbium along with samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
- USGS MCS 2026: limited quantities of rare earths were recovered from batteries, permanent magnets, and fluorescent lamps. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
Sources: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 – Rare Earths, Iluka Resources Macquarie Conference Presentation, MP Materials Q1 2026 Results
Mine Production by Country
Source: USGS MCS 2026Per-country production data not published by USGS
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 reports rare-earth production and reserves on a combined rare-earth-oxide (REO) basis only — per-country data are not broken out by individual element. Terbium production and reserves figures are not separately published by USGS. For the consolidated REE-group table covering all rare earths, see the Rare Earth Elements (REE) page.
Source: USGS MCS 2026
Major Producers (10)
Primary disclosure unavailableWhy no producer rankings? No producer discloses element-specific terbium tonnage. Terbium is a heavy rare earth recovered almost entirely from Chinese ion-adsorption clay deposits (~95% of global separation capacity); Chinese producers operate under aggregate quotas without elemental breakdown. Consolidated REO production figures appear on the Rare Earths page. The 10 companies below are the major world producers of separated terbium oxide. Country-level estimates are available in the USGS production table above.
China
600111
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Largest REE producer globally (~80% of Chinese light REE quota). Reports aggregated REO output only — per-element tonnage not separately disclosed. Operates under MIIT production quotas.
China
HKEX:0769
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
State-owned consortium formed Dec 2021 (merger of Minmetals REE + Chinalco REE + Southern). Reports under MIIT quota; per-element production not separately disclosed.
Australia
ILU
Pre-production
Not yet in production
Eneabba refinery (WA) under construction — first production targeted FY2027. Currently stockpiles monazite/xenotime concentrate; no per-element REO output yet.
Australia
LYC
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Largest non-Chinese REE producer. Reports total REO and NdPr output (separated as a pair) only; individual Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb tonnages not separately disclosed.
USA
MP
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Operates Mountain Pass (USA) — only US-active rare earth mine. Reports REO concentrate output and (from 2024) NdPr metal; per-element Nd/Pr/Dy/Tb breakouts not disclosed.
Canada / Estonia
NEO
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Magnetic-materials processor (Estonia/China/Thailand). Reports product-line revenue; per-element rare earth oxide tonnage not separately disclosed.
China
600392
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Trades REE concentrate (including MP Materials offtake) and operates separation. Per-element output not separately disclosed in public filings.
Japan
4063
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Major NdFeB magnet producer (Japan/Vietnam). Reports segment revenue; per-element REE consumption/output not disclosed.
Japan
6762
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Major NdFeB magnet producer (Japan). Reports magnet segment revenue; per-element REE tonnage not disclosed.
China
600549
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
REE and tungsten producer (China). Operates under MIIT REE quota; per-element output not separately disclosed.
Latest News
All metals news →No recent news for this metal. Visit the Hub news section for all metals news.
Frequently Asked Questions
Auto-generated from primary-source dataWho are the largest global producers of terbium?
Among 780+ producers tracked on TSM Hub, the largest disclosed terbium producers include China Northern Rare Earth (Group) High-Tech Co., Ltd. (China), China Rare Earth Group Co., Ltd. (incl. China Southern Rare Earth Group) (China), Iluka Resources Ltd. (Australia). Some operating terbium producers do not publish metal-specific tonnage — such as China Northern Rare Earth (Group) High-Tech Co., Ltd. (China), China Rare Earth Group Co., Ltd. (incl. China Southern Rare Earth Group) (China), Lynas Rare Earths Ltd. (Australia) — and are listed with an “Undisclosed Output” badge instead of a rank, in line with our principle of never inventing numbers absent from primary sources. Full ranking with primary-source links is available in the producers section.
What is the primary source for terbium production and reserves data?
Country-level terbium production and reserves figures on TSM Hub are sourced directly from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, the U.S. Geological Survey's authoritative annual reference. Company-level production figures come from each producer's official annual report, production report, or regulated exchange filing.