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Germanium

★ US Critical Mineral 2025Technology MetalSpot
Ge · Technology Metal · 7 producing countries · 8 major producers · Prices from Spot
Spot
$243.73
USD/oz
June 9, 2026

Prices

Updated: June 9, 2026
Exchange / SourcePriceUnitDate
Spot $243.73 USD/oz June 9, 2026

About Germanium

Editorial overview

What is germanium?

Germanium is a critical trace metal used mainly in high-performance optics and semiconductor-related applications. It is typically recovered as a by-product from zinc and lead-zinc-copper processing rather than mined as a stand-alone metal. USGS MCS 2026

How germanium is priced

Germanium has no listed futures on any regulated exchange. Spot prices are published by Fastmarkets, Argus and the Chinese domestic Shanghai Metals Market. China — which supplies the majority of refined germanium — has imposed export licensing requirements since August 2023, materially affecting global spot levels.

Where germanium comes from

USGS MCS 2026 says germanium is commercially processed or recycled in only a few countries, with China the leading producer; other countries named are the United States, Belgium, Canada, Germany, and Russia. The same USGS report says substantial germanium-rich deposits in operation or active development were in China, Congo (Kinshasa), Russia, and the United States. USGS MCS 2026 Full breakdown in the production and reserves sections.

Who produces germanium

USGS MCS 2026 identifies China as the leading global producer and exporter of germanium metal, while germanium is also processed or recycled commercially in the United States, Belgium, Canada, Germany, and Russia. The U.S. report also notes domestic recovery at a mine in Alaska, past recovery at a Tennessee zinc operation, and downstream processing at companies in Utah and Oklahoma. USGS MCS 2026 Full list of producers below.

What germanium is used for

USGS MCS 2026 says the major U.S. end uses, in descending order, were fiber optics, infrared optics, semiconductor applications and solar cells, and radiation detectors. The report does not give percentage shares by application for germanium, so no verified percentage breakdown is available from the cited primary source. USGS MCS 2026

Key facts about germanium supply

  • USGS MCS 2026: U.S. 2025 imports were 7,000 kg of germanium metal and 17,000 kg of germanium dioxide, and net import reliance was greater than 50%.
  • USGS MCS 2026: the 2025 annual average price was $4,100 per kilogram for germanium metal and $2,500 per kilogram for germanium dioxide.
  • USGS MCS 2026: imports of germanium metal fell 67% in 2025 from 2024 because China banned exports to the United States in December 2024.
  • USGS MCS 2026: combined U.S. imports of germanium material in 2021-24 came mainly from Belgium (41%), China (23%), Canada (17%), and Germany (14%).
  • USGS MCS 2026: worldwide reserves data were not widely reported, so a reserves-to-production years-of-cover calculation is not available from the report.

Sources: USGS MCS 2026 Germanium PDF, USGS Germanium Statistics and Information

Mine Production by Country

Source: USGS MCS 2026
Why no per-country table? USGS explicitly states: “Global germanium refinery production and recycling data were limited” and “germanium reserves data were not widely reported at a mine or country level and thus difficult to quantify” (USGS MCS 2026 Germanium). Below is what USGS does publish: U.S. salient statistics and China’s reported export destinations.

U.S. Salient Statistics 2021–2025

Year Imports, metal (kg) Imports, dioxide (kg) Price, metal ($/kg) Price, dioxide ($/kg)
202113,00017,0001,187770
202214,00015,0001,294828
202322,00014,0001,392883
202421,00011,0001,9911,281
2025e7,00017,0004,1002,500

“e” = estimated. Prices are annual average for minimum 99.999% purity, Argus Non-Ferrous Markets. Source: USGS MCS 2026 Germanium.

China Germanium Metal Exports by Destination (Jan–Sep 2025)

DestinationShareEstimated kg (of 7,520 kg total)
Russia28%2,106
Belgium26%1,955
Germany26%1,955
Japan18%1,354
Other2%150
Total exports Jan–Sep 2025100%7,520

For context, same-period exports were 18,787 kg in 2024 and 36,656 kg in 2023 — a sharp drop after China’s August 2023 export-licensing program and December 2024 ban on exports to the U.S. Source: USGS MCS 2026 Germanium.

Known Producing Countries (No Tonnage Reported)

USGS confirms germanium is processed or recycled commercially in only a few countries — the United States, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, and Russia, with China being the leading producer. Substantial germanium-rich deposits (including tailings) in active development are in China, Congo (Kinshasa), Russia, and the United States. Per-country tonnage and reserves are not publicly disclosed. Individual producers are listed in the producers section below.

Major Producers (8)

Primary disclosure unavailable

Why no producer rankings? Primary-source production tonnage is not disclosed for any major producer. Roughly 70% of global germanium output is recovered as a by-product from zinc-smelter residues (most prominently in China and the DRC); China withholds primary disclosure (USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026). Western producers — Teck Resources (Trail), Nyrstar (Auby), Umicore, Korea Zinc — report only at metal-stream or segment level without germanium-specific tonnage. Country-level estimates are available in the USGS production table above.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Auto-generated from primary-source data
What is the current price of germanium?
As of June 9, 2026, Germanium traded at $243.73 USD/oz on Spot. Prices update multiple times per business day on TSM Hub from exchange and benchmark feeds.
Which countries produce the most germanium?
The largest germanium producing countries are China (leading global producer; specific figure not published by USGS kilograms of germanium content), United States (secondary production; specific figure not published kilograms of germanium content), Belgium (known producer/recycler; specific figure not published kilograms of germanium content). Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.
Which countries hold the largest germanium reserves?
The countries with the largest reported germanium reserves are China (NA No country-level reserves reported by USGS (data not widely reported at mine/country level)), United States (NA No country-level reserves reported by USGS (data not widely reported at mine/country level)), Belgium (NA No country-level reserves reported by USGS (data not widely reported at mine/country level)). Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.
Who are the largest global producers of germanium?
Among 780+ producers tracked on TSM Hub, the largest disclosed germanium producers include Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co., Ltd. (China), Yunnan Lincang Xinyuan Germanium Industry Co., Ltd. (China), Umicore S.A. (Belgium). Full ranking with primary-source links is available in the producers section.
Where can I find official germanium price data?
Official germanium prices are published by Spot. TSM Hub aggregates these feeds under licensed market-data redistributor agreements and updates them twice daily.
What is the primary source for germanium production and reserves data?
Country-level germanium production and reserves figures on TSM Hub are sourced directly from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, the U.S. Geological Survey's authoritative annual reference. Company-level production figures come from each producer's official annual report, production report, or regulated exchange filing.

Data Sources

Production and reserves data: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026

Spot prices: aggregated reference values from public market-data feeds.

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