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Vanadium

★ US Critical Mineral 2025Strategic MetalSpot
V · Strategic Metal · 7 producing countries · 13 major producers · Prices from Spot
Spot
$4.6000
USD/lb
June 9, 2026

Prices

Updated: June 9, 2026
Exchange / SourcePriceUnitDate
Spot $4.6000 USD/lb June 9, 2026

About Vanadium

Editorial overview

What is vanadium?

Vanadium is a hard, silvery-grey transition metal. It is produced mainly as a co-product of iron ore and as a residue from oil, slag, and spent catalysts, with end use dominated by ferrovanadium and vanadium chemicals.

How vanadium is priced

No active regulated exchange contract as of June 2026.

Where vanadium comes from

According to the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, world vanadium mine production in 2025 was led by China at 82,000 t, Russia at 21,000 t, South Africa at 5,300 t, and Brazil at 5,000 t. Full breakdown in the production and reserves sections.

Who produces vanadium

Major producers named in industry filings include Pangang Group Vanadium and Titanium (China), Evraz (Russia), Bushveld Minerals and Glencore-Rhovan (South Africa), and Largo Inc. (Brazil). Full list of producers below.

What vanadium is used for

USGS MCS 2026 reports that metallurgical use, primarily as an alloying agent for iron and steel, accounted for more than 90% of US reported vanadium consumption in 2025; the main non-metallurgical uses are catalysts for sulfuric acid and maleic anhydride and electrolyte for vanadium redox flow batteries.

Key facts about vanadium supply

  • USGS MCS 2026: world vanadium reserves were 21,000 thousand tonnes against 2025e mine production of 110,000 tonnes, implying very large resource cover relative to annual output.
  • USGS MCS 2026: China produced 82,000 tonnes of vanadium in 2025e, or about 75% of world mine output of 110,000 tonnes.
  • USGS MCS 2026: US net import reliance for vanadium was 41% of apparent consumption in 2025.
  • Vanitec (March 2026): Chinese vanadium use in redox flow batteries is projected to rise from roughly 20% of domestic demand in 2025 to over 30% in 2026 as installed VFB capacity exceeds 8 GWh.

Sources: USGS MCS 2026 — Vanadium, Vanitec — China vanadium market 2026

Mine Production by Country

Source: USGS MCS 2026
Country20242025eReserves
United States——50
Australia——10,000
Brazil5,190e5,30094
Chinae84,000e82,0005,800
Russiae21,000e21,0005,000
South Africa8,050e5,000520
World total (rounded)118,000110,00021,000

Unit: metric tons. "e" = estimated, "W" = withheld, "NA" = not available. Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026

Reserves by Country (Top 10)

Source: USGS MCS 2026
CountryReserves (metric tons)
Australia 10,000
China 5,800
Russia 5,000
South Africa 520
Brazil 94
United States 50
World Total21,000

Major Producers (13)

Ranked by latest disclosed V production

Companies ranked by most recently disclosed annual vanadium production (kilotonnes V2O5 equivalent). Each card links to the primary source (annual report, production report, or exchange filing). "Not disclosed" means the company does not publish metal-specific tonnage — common for private Chinese/state-owned groups and pre-production projects.

Netherlands
AMG
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed FY2024
Spent catalyst recycling in Cambridge/Zanesville, OH facilities
Brazil
Private
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Niobium producer (Araxá mine); no vanadium production found in primary sources
Czech Republic
Private
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed Undisclosed
Ferrovanadium production facility in Mníšek pod Brdy
Canada
NYSEAMERICAN:UUUU / TSX:EFR
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed FY2024
White Mesa Mill (key facility)
Russia
EVR
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed Undisclosed
Key facilities: NTMK (Nizhny Tagil), Vanady Tula
China
000709
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed FY2024
Vanadium slag from V-Ti-magnetite; Chengde facilities
Uzbekistan
State-Owned
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed FY2024
Pilot V2O5 from spent catalysts; uranium-focused (Uchkuduk, Zafarabad, Nurobod)
United States
Private
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Hot Springs, AR processing facility (secondary production from waste)

Latest News

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Frequently Asked Questions

Auto-generated from primary-source data
What is the current price of vanadium?
As of June 9, 2026, Vanadium traded at $4.6000 USD/lb on Spot. Prices update multiple times per business day on TSM Hub from exchange and benchmark feeds.
Which countries produce the most vanadium?
The largest vanadium producing countries are China (e84,000 metric tons), Russia (e21,000 metric tons), South Africa (8,050 metric tons). Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.
Which countries hold the largest vanadium reserves?
The countries with the largest reported vanadium reserves are Australia (10,000 metric tons), China (5,800 metric tons), Russia (5,000 metric tons). Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.
Who are the largest global producers of vanadium?
Among 780+ producers tracked on TSM Hub, the largest disclosed vanadium producers include Pangang Group Vanadium Titanium & Resources Co., Ltd. (China), Largo Inc. (Maracás Menchen Mine) (Canada), Glencore plc — Rhovan Vanadium Facility (Switzerland). Some operating vanadium producers do not publish metal-specific tonnage — such as AMG Vanadium LLC (AMG Advanced Metallurgical Group) (Netherlands), Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração (CBMM) (Brazil), Czech Vanadium a.s. (Czech Republic) — and are listed with an “Undisclosed Output” badge instead of a rank, in line with our principle of never inventing numbers absent from primary sources. Full ranking with primary-source links is available in the producers section.
Where can I find official vanadium price data?
Official vanadium prices are published by Spot. TSM Hub aggregates these feeds under licensed market-data redistributor agreements and updates them twice daily.
What is the primary source for vanadium production and reserves data?
Country-level vanadium production and reserves figures on TSM Hub are sourced directly from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, the U.S. Geological Survey's authoritative annual reference. Company-level production figures come from each producer's official annual report, production report, or regulated exchange filing.

Data Sources

Production and reserves data: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026

Spot prices: aggregated reference values from public market-data feeds.

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