Prices
No single exchange-settled price exists for graphite. Trade settles over-the-counter against benchmarks published by independent price-reporting agencies. We do not republish those numbers — consult the publishers directly:
Fastmarkets — Graphite Prices ↗
Flake graphite (FOB China) and spherical/anode-grade benchmark prices.
Benchmark Mineral Intelligence ↗
Graphite, lithium, and battery raw-materials price discovery and forecasts.
Asian Metal ↗
Daily flake-graphite quotations from Chinese suppliers (subscription).
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 ↗
Annual U.S. Geological Survey reference — production, reserves, prices, and trade statistics for graphite.
About Graphite
Editorial overviewWhat is graphite?
Graphite is a carbon mineral used mainly as natural graphite and synthetic graphite in industrial applications. USGS treats this commodity page as natural graphite, with synthetic graphite noted as a competing material in battery and steel uses.
How graphite is priced
Graphite has no listed futures on any regulated exchange. Pricing for both natural flake graphite and synthetic graphite (battery anode material) is OTC, referenced to benchmark indices published by Fastmarkets and Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, plus Chinese spot via Shanghai Metals Market.
Where graphite comes from
According to USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, the leading natural graphite producers in 2025e were China, Brazil, Madagascar, Tanzania, and Mozambique. China was by far the largest producer at 1.4 million tons, or an estimated 82% of world production, while world mine production totaled 1.8 million tons. Full breakdown in the production and reserves sections.
Who produces graphite
Natural graphite production is dominated by China, with additional supply from Brazil, Madagascar, Tanzania, and Mozambique, as summarized by USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. Graphite One notes that over 70% of graphite today comes from China and that lithium-ion battery anodes use both natural and artificial graphite. Full list of producers below.
What graphite is used for
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 says natural graphite is used in batteries, brake linings, lubricants, powdered metals, refractory applications, and steelmaking. It also notes synthetic graphite powder and secondary synthetic graphite compete in battery applications, while scrap graphite shapes and calcined petroleum coke compete in iron and steel uses.
Key facts about graphite supply
- USGS MCS 2026: world natural graphite mine production was 1.8 million tons in 2025e versus 310 million tons of reserves, or about 172 years of cover.
- USGS MCS 2026: China produced 1.4 million tons in 2025e and held 100 million tons of reserves.
- USGS MCS 2026: China supplied an estimated 82% of total world natural graphite production.
- USGS MCS 2026: U.S. net import reliance for graphite was 100%, and apparent consumption in 2025e was 71,000 tons.
- USGS MCS 2026: imports in 2025 were 79,000 tons, of which 73.4% was flake and high-purity graphite.
Sources: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 – Graphite, Graphite One – Advanced Anode Materials
Mine Production by Country
Source: USGS MCS 2026| Country | 2024 | 2025e | Reserves |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | | | s |
| Austria | 100 | e200 | s |
| Brazil | 58,000 | e65,000 | 74,000,000 |
| Canada | 11,700 | e8,000 | 5900000 |
| China | 1,270,000 | e1,400,000 | 100,000,000 |
| Germany | 140 | e140 | s |
| India | 17,600 | e17,000 | 8,600,000 |
| Korea, North | e8,100 | e8,000 | 2,000,000 |
| Korea, Republic of | 1,000 | e500 | 1,800,000 |
| Madagascar | 85,000 | e80,000 | 27,000,000 |
| Mexico | 706 | e740 | 3,100,000 |
| Mozambique | 39,000 | e60,000 | 25,000,000 |
| Norway | 5,340 | e6,600 | 600,000 |
| Russia | e20,000 | e25,000 | 14000000 |
| Sri Lanka | 3,000 | e3,200 | 1,500,000 |
| Tanzania | e27,000 | e75,000 | 18,000,000 |
| Turkey | 2,600 | e2,200 | 6,900,000 |
| Ukraine | 900 | e800 | s |
| Vietnam | 500 | e500 | 9700000 |
| World total (rounded) | 1,550,000 | 1,800,000 | 310,000,000 |
Unit: metric tons. "e" = estimated, "W" = withheld, "NA" = not available. Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026
Reserves by Country (Top 10)
Source: USGS MCS 2026| Country | Reserves (metric tons) |
|---|---|
| China | 100,000,000 |
| Brazil | 74,000,000 |
| Madagascar | 27,000,000 |
| Mozambique | 25,000,000 |
| Tanzania | 18,000,000 |
| Russia | 14000000 |
| Vietnam | 9700000 |
| India | 8,600,000 |
| Turkey | 6,900,000 |
| Canada | 5900000 |
| World Total | 310,000,000 |
Major Producers (15)
Ranked by latest disclosed graphite concentrate or anode-material productionCompanies ranked by most recently disclosed annual graphite production (kilotonnes). Each card links to the primary source (annual report, production report, or exchange filing). "Not disclosed" means the company does not publish metal-specific tonnage — common for private Chinese/state-owned groups and pre-production projects.
Germany
AMG
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
FY2025
Natural graphite producer (Germany, Sri Lanka, Mozambique). Reports diversified specialty-metals revenue under AMG Critical Materials; standalone graphite tonnage not separately disclosed.
China
920185
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
2024
World's largest anode-material supplier (Shenzhen-listed, 835185.SZ). Reports anode shipment volumes (synthetic + natural combined); standalone natural graphite mining tonnage not disclosed.
Heilongjiang Aoyu Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
China
Private
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Privately-held Chinese flake graphite miner (Luobei County); production not publicly disclosed.
France
NK
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
FY2024
Synthetic + natural graphite for batteries/refractories. Reports segment revenue (Performance Minerals); standalone graphite tonnage not separately disclosed.
Mason Resources Inc. (formerly Mason Graphite Inc.)
Canada
LLG
Pre-production
Not yet in production
FY2024
Lac Guéret project (Quebec) — pre-production / feasibility stage; no commercial graphite output yet.
Canada
NEXT
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
FY2025
Molo mine (Madagascar) commenced production 2023 — ramping. Annual tonnage disclosure not yet stabilised in IR reporting.
China
600884
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
2024
Major anode-material producer (Shanghai-listed, 600884.SH). Reports anode shipments; standalone natural graphite mining not separately disclosed.
Canada
TSX:NOU
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
FY2025
Matawinie mine + Bécancour anode plant (Quebec) — pre-commercial / construction phase; no annual production tonnage to report.
Qingdao Black Dragon Graphite Co., Ltd.
China
HKEX:02237
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
Privately-held Chinese spherical-graphite processor; production not publicly disclosed.
Germany
SGL
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
FY2025
Synthetic graphite for industrial / battery markets. Reports segment revenue (Graphite Solutions); standalone product tonnage not separately disclosed.
Shanghai Putailai New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
China
603659
Undisclosed Output
Not disclosed
2024
Major anode-material producer (Shanghai-listed, 603659.SH). Reports anode shipment volumes; standalone graphite mining tonnage not separately disclosed.
Talga Group Ltd.
Australia
TLG
Pre-production
Not yet in production
FY2025
Vittangi project (Sweden) — pre-production / permitting phase; no commercial graphite output yet.
Latest News
All metals news →No recent news for this metal. Visit the Hub news section for all metals news.
Frequently Asked Questions
Auto-generated from primary-source dataWhich countries produce the most graphite?
The largest graphite producing countries are China (1,270,000 metric tons), Madagascar (85,000 metric tons), Brazil (58,000 metric tons). Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.
Which countries hold the largest graphite reserves?
The countries with the largest reported graphite reserves are China (100,000,000 metric tons), Brazil (74,000,000 metric tons), Madagascar (27,000,000 metric tons). Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026.
Who are the largest global producers of graphite?
Among 780+ producers tracked on TSM Hub, the largest disclosed graphite producers include Syrah Resources Limited (Australia), Northern Graphite Corporation (Canada), Tirupati Graphite plc (UK). Some operating graphite producers do not publish metal-specific tonnage — such as AMG Mining AG / Graphit Kropfmühl GmbH (Germany), BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd. (China), Heilongjiang Aoyu Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (China) — and are listed with an “Undisclosed Output” badge instead of a rank, in line with our principle of never inventing numbers absent from primary sources. Full ranking with primary-source links is available in the producers section.
What is the primary source for graphite production and reserves data?
Country-level graphite production and reserves figures on TSM Hub are sourced directly from the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, the U.S. Geological Survey's authoritative annual reference. Company-level production figures come from each producer's official annual report, production report, or regulated exchange filing.